The periphrastic passive suffix “-게 되다” in Korean is derived from the causative suffix “-게 하다” that indicates that someone makes or causes someone else to do something and is used to express the passive voice in a slightly different manner compared to the more straightforward passive suffix “-이/-히/-리/-기” or “-아/어지다.”
It indicates that something has come to be or has become a certain way due to a change in circumstances or external factors.
For example,
The causative construction
선생님이 [학생들에게 숙제를 하]게 했습니다.
(The teacher made the students do their homework)
The periphrastic passive construction
[학생들이 숙제를 하]게 됐습니다. (하 + 게 되 + 었습니다 -> 하게 됐습니다)
(The students ended up doing their homework)
If you want to put more emphasis on the result of an action, you can change the causative suffix “-게 하다” into the periphrastic passive suffix “-게 되다,” which can be rendered as “ended up verb + ing.” Since the causative suffix “-게 하다” can be attached to almost all action verbs, their corresponding periphrastic passive sentences can be freely created by simply changing the suffix into “-게 되다.”
1. 취직하다 (to get a job)
좋은 회사에 취직하게 되었다.
(I ended up getting a job at a good company)
2. 결혼하다 (to get married)
좋은 사람과 결혼하게 되었다.
(I ended up marrying a good person.)
3. 이사하다 (to move)
새로운 집으로 이사하게 되었다.
(I ended up moving to a new house.)
4. 입학하다 (to enter school)
좋은 대학에 입학하게 되었다.
(I ended up entering a good university.)
5. 휴가를 다녀오다 (to come back from vacation)
오랜 휴가를 다녀오게 되었다.
(I ended up coming back from a long vacation.)
6. 취미를 갖다 (to have a hobby)
그림 그리는 취미를 갖게 되었다.
(I ended up having a hobby of drawing.)
7. 자격증을 따다 (to obtain a certification)
필요한 자격증을 따게 되었다.
(I ended up obtaining the necessary certification.)
8. 친구를 사귀다 (to make friends)
새로운 동네에서 많은 친구를 사귀게 되었다.
(I ended up making many friends in the new neighborhood.)
9. 헤어지다 (to break up)
긴 연애 끝에 헤어지게 되었다.
(We ended up breaking up after a long relationship.)
10. 일을 그만두다 (to quit a job)
스트레스가 많아서 일을 그만두게 되었다.
(I ended up quitting my job due to a lot of stress.)
11. 운동을 하다 (to exercise)
매일 운동을 하게 되었다. (I ended up exercising every day.)
Periphrastic Passive Verbs
The periphrastic passive verbs are already formed as the passive voice by combining a noun with “Noun + -되다.” This expresses the passive voice where the action is done to the noun, rather than the noun performing the action itself.
Many periphrastic passive verbs are derived from verbs that originally ended with “하다.” However, since these periphrastic passive verbs are often used with the form of “Noun + -되다” " it is recommended to treat these verbs as it is and memorize them separately as individual items.
1. 해방하다 (to liberate)
해방되다 우리나라가 해방되었다.
(Our country was liberated)
2. 강조하다 (to emphasize)
강조되다 자녀교육에 부모의 역할이 강조되었다.
(Parent’s role was emphasized for child education)
3. 이해되다 (to be understood)
그 개념은 쉽게 이해되었다.
(The concept was easily understood.)
4. 감염되다 (to be infected)
많은 사람들이 바이러스에 감염되었다.
(Many people were infected with the virus.)
5. 시작되다 (to be started)
프로젝트가 시작되었다.
(The project was started.)
6. 마비되다 (to be paralyzed)
사고 후 그의 다리가 마비되었다.
(His legs were paralyzed after the accident.)
7. 납치되다 (to be kidnapped)
그는 외국에서 납치되었다.
(He was kidnapped abroad.)
8. 제공되다 (to be provided)
모든 서비스가 제공되었다.
(All services were provided.)
9. 오염되다 (to be contaminated)
물이 오염되었다. (The water was contaminated.)
10. 준비되다 (to be prepared)
회의실이 준비되었다.
(The meeting room was prepared.)
11. 금지되다 (to be prohibited)
흡연이 금지되었다. (Smoking was prohibited.)
12. 체포되다 (to be arrested)
그는 범죄 혐의로 체포되었다.
(He was arrested on suspicion of a crime.)
13. 취직되다 (to be employed)
새로운 회사에 취직되었다.
(I was employed at a new company.)
14. 완성되다 (to be completed)
건물이 완성되었다.
(The building was completed.)
15. 감전되다 (to be electrocuted)
고전된 물고기가 감전되었다.
(The stranded fish was electrocuted.)
16. 구속되다 (to be detained)
용의자가 구속되었다.
(The suspect was detained.)
17. 진정되다 (to be calmed down)
사태가 진정되었다.
(The situation was calmed down.)